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达梦数据库异机全量、增量、归档的完全/不完全恢复
技术分享/ 文章详情 /

达梦数据库异机全量、增量、归档的完全/不完全恢复

DM_336625 2026/06/18 382 0 0

环境规划

IP 数据库 系统
192.168.163.128(A) dm8 centos7.9
192.168.163.131(B) dm8 centos7.9

准备源库

  1. 安装略

  2. A库构造数据执行全量备份，增量备份，归档备份等

    -- 1.创建一张用于测试的大表
CREATE TABLE "TEST_USER_5KW"
(
    ID            BIGINT IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    USER_ID       VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    USER_NAME     VARCHAR(100),
    AGE           TINYINT,
    SCORE         NUMBER(10,2),
    CREATE_TIME   DATETIME DEFAULT SYSDATE,
    UPDATE_TIME   DATETIME,
    IS_ACTIVE     CHAR(1) DEFAULT 'Y',
    REGION_CODE   VARCHAR(20),
    -- ⭐ JSON 列（达梦支持 JSON 类型）
    USER_JSON     JSON,
    -- 普通大文本备用
    REMARK        VARCHAR(4000)
)
STORAGE (ON "MAIN", CLUSTERBTR)  -- 可按需改为行/列存
;

COMMENT ON TABLE TEST_USER_5KW IS '5kw 测试表，含 JSON 数据';
COMMENT ON COLUMN TEST_USER_5KW.USER_JSON IS '用户画像 JSON：包含地址、设备、标签、扩展信息';


-- 2. 插入第一批基础数据（例如 1000 行）
INSERT INTO TEST_USER_5KW (USER_ID, USER_NAME, AGE, SCORE, CREATE_TIME, REGION_CODE, USER_JSON)
SELECT
    'U_' || LEVEL,
    'name_' || LEVEL,
    MOD(LEVEL, 100) + 18,
    DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE(1000, 100000),
    SYSDATE - DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE(0, 365),
    CASE MOD(LEVEL, 10)
        WHEN 0 THEN 'BJ' WHEN 1 THEN 'SH' WHEN 2 THEN 'GZ' ELSE 'OTHER'
    END,
    ('{
        "addr": {
            "city": "' || CASE MOD(LEVEL, 5)
                WHEN 0 THEN 'Beijing' WHEN 1 THEN 'Shanghai' ELSE 'Guangzhou' END || '",
            "zone": "zone_' || MOD(LEVEL, 20) || '"
        },
        "device": {
            "os": "' || CASE MOD(LEVEL, 3) WHEN 0 THEN 'Android' WHEN 1 THEN 'iOS' ELSE 'Harmony' END || '",
            "ver": "' || ROUND(DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE(1, 15), 1) || '"
        },
        "tags": ["vip", "level_' || MOD(LEVEL, 10) || '", "active_' || MOD(LEVEL, 2) || '"],
        "score_meta": ' || DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE(0, 99999) || '
    }')
FROM DUAL
CONNECT BY LEVEL <= 10000; 

---3.插入数据脚本
INSERT INTO TEST_USER_5KW (USER_ID, USER_NAME, AGE, SCORE, CREATE_TIME, REGION_CODE, USER_JSON)
SELECT
    'COPY_' || USER_ID,
    USER_NAME || '_c',
    AGE,
    SCORE * 0.99,
    CREATE_TIME + 1,
    REGION_CODE,
    USER_JSON
FROM TEST_USER_5KW
WHERE ID <= 10000;
COMMIT;

---查询一下构造的数据
SQL>  select count(*) from TEST_USER_5KW;

行号       COUNT(*)
---------- --------------------
1          80000


SQL> select id from TEST_USER_5KW order by id desc limit 10;

行号       ID
---------- --------------------
1          80000
2          79999
3          79998
4          79997
5          79996
6          79995
7          79994
8          79993
9          79992
10         79991


---联机全量备份，然后插入数据
SQL> backup database backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604';
SQL> select id from TEST_USER_5KW order by id desc limit 2;

行号       ID
---------- --------------------
1          90000
2          89999

---联机增量备份，然后插入数据
SQL> backup database increment base on backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604' backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604_incre1';
SQL> select id from TEST_USER_5KW order by id desc limit 2;

行号       ID
---------- --------------------
1          100000
2          99999

--继续联机增量备份，然后插入数据
SQL> backup database increment base on backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604' backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604_incre2';

SQL> select id from TEST_USER_5KW order by id desc limit 2;

行号       ID
---------- --------------------
1          110000
2          109999


---查看最新归档和redolog
SQL> select STATUS,PATH,ARCH_LSN,CLSN from v$arch_file;
行号       STATUS   PATH                                                                     ARCH_LSN
---------- -------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------
           CLSN
           --------------------
10         INACTIVE /dmdata/arch/arch2/ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_0x109C76AB_EP0_2026-06-01_16-54-31.log 13288343
           13318912

11         ACTIVE   /dmdata/arch/arch2/ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_0x109C76AB_EP0_2026-06-02_17-08-22.log 13318913
           13501928

SQL> SELECT FILE_LSN,FLUSH_LSN,CUR_LSN FROM v$rlog;

行号       FILE_LSN             FLUSH_LSN            CUR_LSN
---------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
1          13501928             13501928             13501928

准备目标库

  1. 安装略
  2. 拷贝备份
  3. 查看备份信息
    RMAN> show backupset ‘/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604’;

同目录全备恢复

#还原
#指定REUSE DMINI参数，可恢复dm.ini中除路径相关的INI参数
dmrman ctlstmt="restore database '/dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini' reuse dmini from backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604'"
#恢复
RMAN> recover database '/dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604'
#更新db_magic
RMAN> recover database '/dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini' update db_magic
#启动数据库
 dmserver /dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini
#disql查询数据与源库一直
SQL> select id from TEST_USER_5KW order by id desc limit 2;

LINEID     ID
---------- --------------------
1          80000
2          79999

全备恢复，使用映射文件改变文件路径

#根据全备份文件生成映射文件
RMAN> dump backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604' mapped file '/dmdata/data3/map_file_01.txt'
#修改映射文件中的路径
[dmdba@dm4 data3]$ cat map_file_01.txt
/**************************************************************/
/***  Delete the unnecessary modified groups                 **/
/***  Modify the data_path or mirror_path only in one group  **/
/**************************************************************/

/**=============================================================**/
/*[DAMENG2_SYSTEM_FIL_0]*/
fil_id         = 0
ts_id          = 0
ts_name        = "SYSTEM"
data_path      = "/dmdata/data3/DAMENG2/SYSTEM.DBF"
mirror_path    =
data_mirror    = 1
data_striping  = 0

/**=============================================================**/
/*[DAMENG2_ROLL_FIL_0]*/
fil_id         = 0
ts_id          = 1
ts_name        = "ROLL"
data_path      = "/dmdata/data3/DAMENG2/ROLL.DBF"
mirror_path    =
data_mirror    = 1
data_striping  = 0

/**=============================================================**/
/*[DAMENG2_RLOG_FIL_4]*/
ts_id          = 2
ts_name        = "RLOG"
data_path      =
data_mirror    = 1
data_striping  = 0

/**=============================================================**/
/*[DAMENG2_MAIN_FIL_0]*/
fil_id         = 0
ts_id          = 4
ts_name        = "MAIN"
data_path      = "/dmdata/data3/DAMENG2/MAIN.DBF"
mirror_path    =
data_mirror    = 1
data_striping  = 0

/***************************** END ****************************/

#全备还原时MAPPED FILE指定映射文件
RMAN> restore database '/dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini' reuse dmini from backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604' 
mapped file '/dmdata/data3/map_file_01.txt'
#全备恢复
RMAN> recover database '/dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604'
RMAN> recover database '/dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini' update db_magic

#启动数据库后查询表空间目录和数据
SQL> select t.name,d.path from v$tablespace as t,v$datafile as d where t.id=d.id;

LINEID     NAME   PATH
---------- ------ --------------------------------
1          SYSTEM /dmdata/data3/DAMENG2/SYSTEM.DBF
2          SYSTEM /dmdata/data3/DAMENG2/MAIN.DBF
3          SYSTEM /dmdata/data2/DAMENG/TEMP.DBF
4          SYSTEM /dmdata/data3/DAMENG2/ROLL.DBF

used time: 17.104(ms). Execute id is 601.
SQL> select id from TEST_USER_5KW order by id desc limit 2;

LINEID     ID
---------- --------------------
1          80000
2          79999

增量备份恢复

#使用某个增量备份文件还原，自动会还原其依赖的基全备份
RMAN> restore database '/dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini' reuse dmini from backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604_incre1'
#恢复
RMAN> recover database '/dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604_incre1'
RMAN> recover database '/dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini' update db_magic
#启动数据库查询数据，和第一个增量备份数据相同
SQL> select id from TEST_USER_5KW order by id desc limit 2;

LINEID     ID
---------- --------------------
1          90000
2          89999

最新增量备份+归档进行完全恢复

#查看备份集信息，查看clsn信息，备份时间信息等
RMAN> check backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604_incre2'
RMAN> show backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604_incre2'
#从源库拷贝需要的归档
scp ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_0x109C76AB_EP0_2026-06-02_17-08-22.log dmdba@192.168.163.131:/dmdata/dmbak/
#使用最后1个增量备份还原，自动会还原基全备份
RMAN> restore database '/dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604_incre2'
#恢复归档，不指定恢复到某个时间点或者LSN，如果不指定恢复到某个时间点或者LSN会应用归档中所有日志
RMAN> recover database '/dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dmdata/dmbak'
RMAN> recover  database '/dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini' update db_magic
#启动服务查询数据，为最新插入的数据
SQL> select id from TEST_USER_5KW order by id desc limit 2;

LINEID     ID
---------- --------------------
1          110000
2          109999

SQL> SELECT N_EP, APPLY_LSN_ARR FROM V$RAPPLY_LSN_INFO;

LINEID     N_EP        APPLY_LSN_ARR
---------- ----------- -------------
1          0           (13501940)
#源库查询
SQL> SELECT CKPT_LSN,FILE_LSN from v$rlog;

行号       CKPT_LSN             FILE_LSN
---------- -------------------- --------------------
1          13501940             13501945

最新备份+归档进行不完全恢复

#继续插入数据
#查看备份集信息，查看clsn信息，备份时间信息等
RMAN> check backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604_incre2'
RMAN> show backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604_incre2'
#从源库拷贝需要的归档
scp ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_0x109C76AB_EP0_2026-06-02_17-08-22.log dmdba@192.168.163.131:/dmdata/dmbak/
#使用最后1个增量备份还原，自动会还原基全备份
RMAN> restore database '/dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604_incre2'
#恢复归档到某个时间点或者LSN until lsn /until time 
RMAN> recover database '/dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dmdata/dmbak' until time '2026-06-04 15:00:00'
#恢复完成后，不更新update db_magic，使用dmserver启动时配置recover_check=0，这种状态下是以备库配置状态启动数据库，
对数据库进行只读操作，然后登录数据库后查询
dmserver /dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini recover_check=0
#启动服务，查询数据
SQL> alter database open force;
executed successfully

SQL> select id from TEST_USER_5KW order by id desc limit 2;

LINEID     ID
---------- --------------------
1          110000
2          109999

#没有想要的数据，关闭服务，继续恢复到其他时间点
RMAN> recover database '/dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dmdata/dmbak' until time '2026-06-04 17:00:00'

#启动服务，查询数据
dmserver /dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini recover_check=0

SQL> alter database open force;
executed successfully

SQL> select id from TEST_USER_5KW order by id desc limit 2;

LINEID     ID
---------- --------------------
1          120000
2          119999

#如果已经找到数据想正常使用，在关闭数据库，更新db_magic即可

数据库备份加归档备份完全/不完全恢复

#源库备份所有归档
SQL> backup archivelog all backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/arch_all_bak';
#传输备份归档到目标库
scp -r arch_all_bak dmdba@192.168.163.131:/dmdata/dmbak
#需要先将归档备份集还原成原始归档文件
RMAN>  RESTORE ARCHIVE LOG FROM BACKUPSET '/dmdata/dmbak/arch_all_bak' TO ARCHIVEDIR '/dmdata/dmbak'
#检查归档连续性
dmrachk F_TYPE=1 F_PATH=/dmdata/dmbak/
#还原
RMAN> restore database '/dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/fullbak_0604_incre2'
#恢复
RMAN> recover database '/dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dmdata/dmbak'
#不完全恢复
RMAN> recover database '/dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dmdata/dmbak' until time '2026-06-04 17:00:00'
#只读打开或者更新打开
RMAN> recover  database '/dmdata/data2/DAMENG/dm.ini' update db_magic


#如果源库故障，归档不完整，即redolog还未写入归档日志，此时无法恢复最新数据，需要修复归档
RMAN> REPAIR ARCHIVELOG DATABASE '/opt/dmdbms/data/dm.ini';

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