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我刚测试可以正常获取生成的ID，测试代码如下

import uuid
from sqlalchemy import Column, String, create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

# 创建 Base 类
Base = declarative_base()

# 定义 Product 表
class Product(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'Product'

    # 使用 UUID 作为主键
    PRODUCT_ID = Column(String(36), primary_key=True, default=lambda: str(uuid.uuid4()))
    NAME = Column(String(255), nullable=False)
    AUTHOR = Column(String(255), nullable=True)
    PUBLISHER = Column(String(255), nullable=True)
    PUBLISHTIME = Column(String(255), nullable=True)
    PRODUCTNO = Column(String(255), nullable=True)
    SATETYSTOCKLEVEL = Column(String(255), nullable=True)
    ORIGINALPRICE = Column(String(255), nullable=True)
    NOWPRICE = Column(String(255), nullable=True)
    DISCOUNT = Column(String(255), nullable=True)
    DESCRIPTION = Column(String(1000), nullable=True)
    PHOTO = Column(String(255), nullable=True)
    TYPE = Column(String(255), nullable=True)
    PAPERTOTAL = Column(String(255), nullable=True)
    WORDTOTAL = Column(String(255), nullable=True)
    SELLSTARTTIME = Column(String(255), nullable=True)
    SELLENDTIME = Column(String(255), nullable=True)

# 连接达梦数据库
conn_url = 'dm+dmPython://SYSDBA:tZUJfA(sNFp5@localhost:5236'
engine = create_engine(conn_url, echo=True)

# 创建数据库表（如果不存在）
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

# 创建 DBSession
DBSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine)

# 查询所有数据
def fun_select_all():
    session = DBSession()
    list_product = session.query(Product).all()
    print('查询所有结果：')
    for product in list_product:
        print(f"UUID: {product.PRODUCT_ID}, 名称: {product.NAME}, 作者: {product.AUTHOR}, 出版社: {product.PUBLISHER}")
    print('')
    session.close()

# 使用 RETURNING 语法插入数据并获取 UUID
def fun_insert():
    session = DBSession()
    
    stmt = Product.__table__.insert().values(
        PRODUCT_ID=str(uuid.uuid4()),  # 生成 UUID
        NAME='水浒传',
        AUTHOR='施耐庵，罗贯中',
        PUBLISHER='中华书局',
        PUBLISHTIME='2005-4-1',
        PRODUCTNO='9787101046137',
        SATETYSTOCKLEVEL='10',
        ORIGINALPRICE='19',
        NOWPRICE='14.3',
        DISCOUNT='7.5',
        DESCRIPTION='《水浒传》是宋江起义故事在民间长期流传基础上产生出来的，吸收了民间文学的营养。',
        PHOTO='',
        TYPE='16',
        PAPERTOTAL='922',
        WORDTOTAL='912000',
        SELLSTARTTIME='2006-03-20',
        SELLENDTIME=''
    ).returning(Product.PRODUCT_ID)  # 让数据库返回主键 UUID

    result = session.execute(stmt)
    new_uuid = result.scalar()  # 获取 UUID
    session.commit()
    
    print(f'插入成功, 生成的 UUID: {new_uuid}')
    session.close()

# 更新数据
def fun_update():
    session = DBSession()
    product = session.query(Product).filter(Product.NAME == '水浒传').first()
    if product:
        product.NAME = '水浒'
        session.commit()
        print(f'更新成功, UUID: {product.PRODUCT_ID}')
    else:
        print('未找到该产品')
    session.close()

# 删除数据
def fun_delete():
    session = DBSession()
    product = session.query(Product).filter(Product.NAME == '水浒').first()
    if product:
        session.delete(product)
        session.commit()
        print(f'删除成功, UUID: {product.PRODUCT_ID}')
    else:
        print('未找到该产品')
    session.close()

# 主函数
def main():
    fun_select_all()
    fun_insert()
    fun_select_all()
    fun_update()
    fun_select_all()
    fun_delete()
    fun_select_all()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

输出：

编译安装：
cd drivers/python/sqlalchemy
python setup.py install