对于数据库软件安装过程这里就不再进行截图，达梦的图形界面操作也是比较方便快捷！

以下为备份恢复的测试学习记录
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联机备份测试恢复：
SQL 备份数据库
备份数据库

backup database full to ZQFULL_BAK backupset '/dm8data/backup/full/ZQFULL_BAK';

查看单个备份集信息
show backupset '/dm8data/backup/full/ZQFULL_BAK';
查看多个备份集信息
SHOW BACKUPSETS WITH BACKUPDIR '/dm8data/backup/full/';

#####backupdir +全备的基表 backupset +自定义文件夹
备份差异增量
backup database increment BASE ON BACKUPSET '/dm8data/backup/full//dm8data/backup/full/ZQFULL_BAK' to ONLINEBAK_INCR_01 backupset '/dm8data/backup/incr/ONLINEBAK_INCR_01' ;

执行：
backup database increment with BACKUPDIR '/dm8data/backup/full' to ZQINC_BAK backupset '/dm8data/backup/incr/ZQINC_BAK' ;

SQL> backup database full to ZQFULL_BAK backupset '/dm8data/backup/full/ZQFULL_BAK';
操作已执行
已用时间: 00:00:03.085. 执行号:601.
SQL> backup database increment with BACKUPDIR '/dm8data/backup/full' to ZQFULL_BAK backupset '/dm8data/backup/incr/ZQINC_BAK' ;
backup database increment with BACKUPDIR '/dm8data/backup/full' to ZQFULL_BAK backupset '/dm8data/backup/incr/ZQINC_BAK' ;
[-8234]:存在同名备份.
已用时间: 00:00:03.867. 执行号:0.
SQL> backup database increment with BACKUPDIR '/dm8data/backup/full' to ZQINC_BAK backupset '/dm8data/backup/incr/ZQINC_BAK' ;
操作已执行
已用时间: 00:00:07.886. 执行号:603.
SQL>
SQL> select * from ZQBAK01.t_test;

行号 ID NAME

1 100 aa
2 101 aa
3 200 aa

已用时间: 18.565(毫秒). 执行号:605.
SQL> insert into ZQBAK01.t_test values(300,'aaa');
影响行数 1

已用时间: 4.996(毫秒). 执行号:606.
SQL> commit;
操作已执行
已用时间: 0.944(毫秒). 执行号:607.
SQL> select * from ZQBAK01.t_test;

行号 ID NAME

1 100 aa
2 101 aa
3 200 aa
4 300 aaa

已用时间: 0.622(毫秒). 执行号:608.
SQL>

/***
--查看时间，查看此时的LSN
SELECT SYSDATE;
SELECT FILE_LSN FROM V$RLOG;
我再操作是没有记录这个时间点所以在恢复时没有指定这个时间戳进行恢复。
***/

SQL>

还原数据库：

*****使用restore命令还原数据库，如果增量备份基备份集不在数据库默认备份路径或者指定的备份集路径的上层目录，则会报错[-8036]:无基备份或无匹配基备份：
RMAN> restore database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8data/backup/incr/ZQINC_BAK' with backupdir '/dm8data/backup/full';

file dm.key not found, use default license!
[-137]:服务器正在运行或者存在其他进程正在操作同一个库
关闭实例再次执行
RMAN> restore database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8data/backup/incr/ZQINC_BAK' with backupdir '/dm8data/backup/full';
restore database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8data/backup/incr/ZQINC_BAK' with backupdir '/dm8data/backup/full';
Database mode = 2, oguid = 0
Database mode = 2, oguid = 0
Normal of FAST
Normal of DEFAULT
Normal of RECYCLE
Normal of KEEP
Normal of ROLL
[Percent:100.00%][Speed:0.00M/s][Cost:00:00:02][Remaining:00:00:00]
restore successfully.
time used: 00:00:02.751
RMAN>

recover database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8data/backup/incr/ZQINC_BAK';
RMAN> recover database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8data/backup/incr/ZQINC_BAK';
recover database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8data/backup/incr/ZQINC_BAK';
Database mode = 2, oguid = 0
Normal of FAST
Normal of DEFAULT
Normal of RECYCLE
Normal of KEEP
Normal of ROLL
EP[0]'s cur_lsn[118218], file_lsn[118218]
[Percent:100.00%][Speed:0.00PKG/s][Cost:00:00:00][Remaining:00:00:00]
recover successfully!
time used: 00:00:02.479
RMAN>

更新数据库魔数
recover database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' update db_magic;

这里没有恢复到4 300 aaa 的记录是因为没有按时间点恢复

使用时间戳恢复（这个再后续测试中再进一步讨论）
--指定时间点
RECOVER DATABASE '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' WITH ARCHIVEDIR '/dm8data/arch' UNTIL TIME '2023-05-18 15:21:46';
--指定LSN
RECOVER DATABASE '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' WITH ARCHIVEDIR '/dm8data/arch' UNTIL LSN 126154;

以上为本次测试恢复中的详细记录，有些问题点需要再进一步学习，研究请各位多多指教！
对于误删文件的数据恢复会在后续测试学习中发布！随时更新！