命令行方式默认也是将数据库启动到 open 状态，但也可以在启动时指定启动到 mount 状态，从而可以维护开文件、进程归档配置、数据库普通模式或主备机模式切换等操作。 在进行备份恢复时也常用命令行模式启动。
操作示例
查看 DM DB 的状态
DB 的状态通过 DM 服务查看器可以直接看到，也可以通过查看系统服务状态来查看，如下：
[dmdba@dameng system]$ systemctl status DmServiceDMTEST ● DmServiceDMTEST.service - DM database instance service Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/DmServiceDMTEST.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (exited) since Fri 2029-02-23 01:37:37 CST; 10h ago Process: 24621 ExecStart=/dm/dmdbms/bin/DmServiceDMTEST start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 24621 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Tasks: 0 CGroup: /system.slice/DmServiceDMTEST.service [dmdba@dameng system]$ 通过 disql 来查看： [dmdba@dameng ~]$ disql SYSDBA/SYSDBA Server[LOCALHOST:5236]:mode is normal, state is open login used time: 14.097(ms) disql V7.6.0.145-Build(2019.03.20-104220)ENT SQL> select status$ from v$database;
LINEID STATUS$ ---------- ----------- 1 4 used time: 8.850(ms). Execute id is 2197. SQL>
这里是用数字来表示状态的，这里一共有 6 种状态，如下：
1：启动；2：启动，redo 完成；3：MOUNT；4：打开；5：挂起；6：关闭
使用系统服务来启动和关闭 DM 实例
[root@dm1 ~]# systemctl stop DmServiceDMTEST [root@dm1 ~]# systemctl status DmServiceDMTEST ● DmServiceDMTEST.service - DM database instance service Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/DmServiceDMTEST.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2029-02-23 12:34:40 CST; 7s ago Process: 2561 ExecStop=/dm/dmdbms/bin/DmServiceDMTEST stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 741 ExecStart=/dm/dmdbms/bin/DmServiceDMTEST start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 741 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Feb 23 12:26:16 dm1 systemd[1]: Starting DM database instance service... Feb 23 12:26:16 dm1 su[824]: (to dmdba) root on none Feb 23 12:26:19 dm1 DmServiceDMTEST[741]: Starting DmServiceDMTEST: Last login: Fri Feb 23 12:10:04 CST 2029 on pts/6 Feb 23 12:26:34 dm1 DmServiceDMTEST[741]: [11B blob data] Feb 23 12:26:34 dm1 systemd[1]: Started DM database instance service. Feb 23 12:34:35 dm1 systemd[1]: Stopping DM database instance service... Feb 23 12:34:40 dm1 DmServiceDMTEST[2561]: [35B blob data] Feb 23 12:34:40 dm1 systemd[1]: Stopped DM database instance service. [root@dm1 ~]# systemctl start DmServiceDMTEST [root@dm1 ~]# systemctl status DmServiceDMTEST ● DmServiceDMTEST.service - DM database instance service Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/DmServiceDMTEST.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (exited) since Fri 2029-02-23 12:35:12 CST; 1s ago Process: 2561 ExecStop=/dm/dmdbms/bin/DmServiceDMTEST stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 2621 ExecStart=/dm/dmdbms/bin/DmServiceDMTEST start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 2621 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Feb 23 12:34:57 dm1 systemd[1]: Starting DM database instance service... Feb 23 12:34:57 dm1 su[2641]: (to dmdba) root on none Feb 23 12:34:57 dm1 DmServiceDMTEST[2621]: Starting DmServiceDMTEST: Last login: Fri Feb 23 12:28:13 CST 2029 on pts/1 Feb 23 12:35:12 dm1 DmServiceDMTEST[2621]: [11B blob data] Feb 23 12:35:12 dm1 systemd[1]: Started DM database instance service. [root@dm1 ~]# [root@dm1 ~]# ps -ef|grep dm.ini dmdba 2662 1 0 12:34 ? 00:00:00 /dm/dmdbms/bin/dmserver /dm/dmdbms/data/cndba/dm.ini -noconsole root 2765 2026 0 12:36 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto dm.ini [root@dm1 ~]#
使用命令行管理 DB
[dmdba@dameng ~]$ /dm/dmdbms/bin/dmserver /dm/dmdbms/data/cndba/dm.ini file dm.key not found, use default license! version info: develop Use normal os_malloc instead of HugeTLB Use normal os_malloc instead of HugeTLB DM Database Server x64 V7.6.0.145-Build(2019.03.20-104220)ENT startup... License will expire on 2029-03-09 ckpt lsn: 61183 ndct db load finished ndct fill fast pool finished set EP[0]'s pseg state to inactive iid page's trxid = 2600 NEXT TRX ID = 2601 pseg recv finished nsvr_startup end. aud sys init success. aud rt sys init success. systables desc init success. ndct_db_load_info success. nsvr_process_before_open begin. nsvr_process_before_open success. SYSTEM IS READY.
--输入其他指令，可以通过 dmserver help 查看： lock ----------------- object lock info --------------- addr objid mode trx wait >> 0 object locks.
------------------- tid lock info ---------------- addr objid mode trx wait >> 0 object locks.
-----------------outer object lock info (dbms_lock)--------------- addr objid mode sess wait_sess --输入 exit 关闭实例 exit Server is stopping... listener closed and all sessions disconnected purge undo records in usegs...OK full check point starting... generate force checkpoint, rlog free space, used space is (536457216, 405504) ckpt_lsn, ckpt_fil, ckpt_off are set as (66044, 0, 10398720) checkpoint: 3878 pages flushed. checkpoint finished, rlog free space, used space is (536600064, 262656) full check point end. shutdown audit subsystem...OK shutdown schedule subsystem...OK shutdown timer successfully. pre-shutdown MAL subsystem...OK shutdown worker threads subsystem...OK shutdown local parallel threads pool successfully. shutdown replication subsystem...OK shutdown sequence cache subsystem...OK wait for mtsk link worker to exit..OK shutdown mpp session subsystem...OK wait for rapply is all over... OK rapply worker threads exit successfully. pre ending task & worker threads...OK shutdown dblink subsystem...OK shutdown session subsystem...OK shutdown rollback segments purging subsystem...OK shutdown rps subsystem...OK shutdown transaction subsystem...OK shutdown locking subsystem...OK shutdown dbms_lock subsystem...OK ending tsk and worker threads...OK ckpt2_exec_immediately begin. ckpt_lsn, ckpt_fil, ckpt_off are set as (66048, 0, 10661376) checkpoint: 0 pages flushed. checkpoint finished, rlog free space, used space is (536680448, 182272) ckpt_lsn, ckpt_fil, ckpt_off are set as (70401, 0, 10843648) checkpoint: 0 pages flushed. checkpoint finished, rlog free space, used space is (536862208, 512) ckpt_lsn, ckpt_fil, ckpt_off are set as (70401, 0, 10844160) checkpoint: 0 pages flushed. checkpoint finished, rlog free space, used space is (536862720, 0) ckpt_lsn, ckpt_fil, ckpt_off are set as (70401, 0, 10844160) checkpoint: 0 pages flushed. checkpoint finished, rlog free space, used space is (536862720, 0) shutdown archive subsystem...OK shutdown redo log subsystem...OK shutdown MAL subsystem...OK shutdown message compress subsystem successfully. shutdown task subsystem...OK shutdown trace subsystem...OK shutdown svr_log subsystem...OK shutdown plan cache subsystem...OK shutdown file subsystem...OK shutdown database dictionary subsystem...OK shutdown mac cache subsystem...OK shutdown dynamic login cache subsystem...OK shutdown ifun/bifun/sfun/afun cache subsystem...OK shutdown crypt subsystem...OK shutdown pipe subsystem...OK shutdown compress component...OK shutdown slave redo subsystem...OK shutdown kernel buffer subsystem...OK shutdown SQL capture subsystem...OK shutdown control file system...OK shutdown dtype subsystem...OK shutdown huge buffer and memory pools...OK close lsnr socket DM Database Server shutdown successfully. [dmdba@dameng ~]$
--启动到 mount 状态： [dmdba@dameng ~]$ dmserver /dm/dmdbms/data/cndba/dm.ini -noconsole mount file dm.key not found, use default license! version info: develop Use normal os_malloc instead of HugeTLB Use normal os_malloc instead of HugeTLB DM Database Server x64 V7.6.0.145-Build(2019.03.20-104220)ENT startup... License will expire on 2029-03-09 ckpt lsn: 126426 ndct db load finished ndct fill fast pool finished nsvr_startup end. aud sys init success. aud rt sys init success. systables desc init success. ndct_db_load_info success. SYSTEM IS READY.
以服务模式启动 DB 实例且不接收指令：/dm/dmdbms/bin/dmserver /dm/dmdbms/data/cndba/dm.ini -noconsole
使用命令行的方式启动 DB 缺点很明显，窗口必须一致存在，尝试将将命令放到后台执行：/dm/dmdbms/bin/dmserver /dm/dmdbms/data/cndba/dm.ini -noconsole &
实际测试发现一个问题，通过系统 service 启动的实例，状态可以在 DM service viewer 中正确识别，但用命令行启动的实例，状态无法在系统服务和 DM 服务查看中正确显示，也无法进行操作，也就是说，命令行启动的实例，只能通过命令行来关闭。不过这个并不影响，可以直接使用 Linux 的 fg 命令将后台进程调到前台，在正常操作即可。不建议直接在操作系统级别 kill 进程。
--使用命令行启动后系统服务无法获取正确的状态： [root@dm1 ~]# systemctl status DmServiceDMTEST ● DmServiceDMTEST.service - DM database instance service Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/DmServiceDMTEST.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2029-02-23 12:38:36 CST; 42min ago Process: 2788 ExecStop=/dm/dmdbms/bin/DmServiceDMTEST stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 2621 ExecStart=/dm/dmdbms/bin/DmServiceDMTEST start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 2621 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Feb 23 12:34:57 dm1 systemd[1]: Starting DM database instance service... Feb 23 12:34:57 dm1 su[2641]: (to dmdba) root on none Feb 23 12:34:57 dm1 DmServiceDMTEST[2621]: Starting DmServiceDMTEST: Last login: Fri Feb 23 12:28:13 CST 2029 on pts/1 Feb 23 12:35:12 dm1 DmServiceDMTEST[2621]: [11B blob data] Feb 23 12:35:12 dm1 systemd[1]: Started DM database instance service. Feb 23 12:38:26 dm1 systemd[1]: Stopping DM database instance service... Feb 23 12:38:36 dm1 DmServiceDMTEST[2788]: [35B blob data] Feb 23 12:38:36 dm1 systemd[1]: Stopped DM database instance service. [root@dm1 ~]#
--后台启动实例，并使用 fg 命令调用到前台： [dmdba@dameng ~]$ dmserver /dm/dmdbms/data/cndba/dm.ini -noconsole & [1] 5435 [dmdba@dameng ~]$ file dm.key not found, use default license! version info: develop Use normal os_malloc instead of HugeTLB Use normal os_malloc instead of HugeTLB DM Database Server x64 V7.6.0.145-Build(2019.03.20-104220)ENT startup... License will expire on 2029-03-09 ckpt lsn: 117208 ndct db load finished ndct fill fast pool finished set EP[0]'s pseg state to inactive iid page's trxid = 2621 NEXT TRX ID = 2622 pseg recv finished nsvr_startup end. aud sys init success. aud rt sys init success. systables desc init success. ndct_db_load_info success. nsvr_process_before_open begin. nsvr_process_before_open success. SYSTEM IS READY.
--将命令调用到前台 [dmdba@dameng ~]$ jobs -l [1]+ 5435 Running dmserver /dm/dmdbms/data/cndba/dm.ini -noconsole & [dmdba@dameng ~]$ fg 1 dmserver /dm/dmdbms/data/cndba/dm.ini -noconsole exit ^CServer is stopping... listener closed and all sessions disconnected purge undo records in usegs...OK full check point starting... generate force checkpoint, rlog free space, used space is (536457216, 405504) ckpt_lsn, ckpt_fil, ckpt_off are set as (122069, 0, 14882304) checkpoint: 3232 pages flushed. checkpoint finished, rlog free space, used space is (536602624, 260096) full check point end. shutdown audit subsystem...OK shutdown schedule subsystem...OK shutdown timer successfully. pre-shutdown MAL subsystem...OK shutdown worker threads subsystem...OK shutdown local parallel threads pool successfully. shutdown replication subsystem...OK shutdown sequence cache subsystem...OK wait for mtsk link worker to exit..OK shutdown mpp session subsystem...OK wait for rapply is all over... OK rapply worker threads exit successfully. pre ending task & worker threads...OK shutdown dblink subsystem...OK shutdown session subsystem...OK shutdown rollback segments purging subsystem...OK shutdown rps subsystem...OK shutdown transaction subsystem...OK shutdown locking subsystem...OK shutdown dbms_lock subsystem...OK ending tsk and worker threads...OK ckpt2_exec_immediately begin. ckpt_lsn, ckpt_fil, ckpt_off are set as (122073, 0, 15142400) checkpoint: 0 pages flushed. checkpoint finished, rlog free space, used space is (536680448, 182272) ckpt_lsn, ckpt_fil, ckpt_off are set as (126426, 0, 15324672) checkpoint: 0 pages flushed. checkpoint finished, rlog free space, used space is (536862208, 512) ckpt_lsn, ckpt_fil, ckpt_off are set as (126426, 0, 15325184) checkpoint: 0 pages flushed. checkpoint finished, rlog free space, used space is (536862720, 0) ckpt_lsn, ckpt_fil, ckpt_off are set as (126426, 0, 15325184) checkpoint: 0 pages flushed. checkpoint finished, rlog free space, used space is (536862720, 0) shutdown archive subsystem...OK shutdown redo log subsystem...OK shutdown MAL subsystem...OK shutdown message compress subsystem successfully. shutdown task subsystem...OK shutdown trace subsystem...OK shutdown svr_log subsystem...OK shutdown plan cache subsystem...OK shutdown file subsystem...OK shutdown database dictionary subsystem...OK shutdown mac cache subsystem...OK shutdown dynamic login cache subsystem...OK shutdown ifun/bifun/sfun/afun cache subsystem...OK shutdown crypt subsystem...OK shutdown pipe subsystem...OK shutdown compress component...OK shutdown slave redo subsystem...OK shutdown kernel buffer subsystem...OK shutdown SQL capture subsystem...OK shutdown control file system...OK shutdown dtype subsystem...OK shutdown huge buffer and memory pools...OK close lsnr socket DM Database Server shutdown successfully.
切换实例状态
SQL> select status$ from v$database;
Server[LOCALHOST:5236]:mode is normal, state is open connected
LINEID STATUS$ ---------- ----------- 1 4
used time: 7.105(ms). Execute id is 3. SQL> alter database mount; executed successfully used time: 00:00:01.878. Execute id is 0. SQL> select status$ from v$database;
LINEID STATUS$ ---------- ----------- 1 3
used time: 2.155(ms). Execute id is 4. SQL>
其他修改选项可以参手册：
ALTER DATABASE <修改数据库语句>; <修改数据库语句>::= RESIZE LOGFILE <文件路径> TO <文件大小>| ADD LOGFILE <文件说明项>{,<文件说明项>}| RENAME LOGFILE <文件路径>{,<文件路径>} TO <文件路径>{,<文件路径>}| MOUNT | SUSPEND | OPEN [FORCE] | NORMAL | PRIMARY| STANDBY | ARCHIVELOG | NOARCHIVELOG | <ADD|MODIFY|DELETE> ARCHIVELOG <归档配置语句> | ARCHIVELOG CURRENT <文件说明项> ::= <文件路径>SIZE <文件大小> <归档配置语句>::= 'DEST = <归档目标>,TYPE = <归档类型>' <归档类型>::= LOCAL [<文件和路径设置>] | REALTIME| SYNC | ASYNC ,TIMER_NAME = <定时器名称> | REMOTE ,ARCH_INCOMING_PATH = <远程归档路径>[<文件和路径设置>]| TIMELY <文件和路径设置>::=[,FILE_SIZE = <文件大小>][,SPACE_LIMIT = <空间大小限制>]
